Throughout the history of the United States Congress there have been times when members of either chamber have refused to seat new members. Article I, Section 5 of the United States Constitution states that, "Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide." This means that members of the House of Representatives and of the Senate can refuse to recognize the election or appointment of a new representative or senator. They can bar the individual outright or refer the matter to a committee for inquiry. Powell v. McCormack (1969) clarified the issue of the scope of powers of the Congress to refuse to seat an elected member. The Federal Contested Elections Act of 1969 currently lays out the procedures by which each House determines contested elections.
Costume duties (taxes on imported goods) and he sold land in the west. Who controlled the courts during Jefferson's presidency?
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Invasion, economic destitution, and growing European power all played a role in the decline of the final three Muslim Empires.
Native Americans used obsidian to produce arrowheads.
Obsidian occurs naturally as a volcanic glass made of pure
igneous rock. Obsidian is commonly found in rhyolitic lava flow known as the
obsidian flow.