Because of the fact that Emily is seldom in a bad mood and is always optimistic about herself and others it can be said that Emily is low on <span>negative affectivity.
</span><span>Negative Affectivity (NA) is term used in psychology to denote </span>is a tendency to pervasive dysphoria and low mood experience. It involves negative emotions and poor self-concept.
The statement above is talking about the Drive Reduction Theory. This theory, proposed by Clark Hull in 1943, talks about a certain drive that develops when a disturbance occurs in an individual's homeostasis or simply put, when someone has physical needs that need to be met.
Answer: A unitary system is one in which power can be granted to or taken back from regions by a decision of central authority without the involvement of the regions themselves while a federal system is one in which there is division of power between a federal government and sub-federal governments(most times state and local governments)
Explanation: characteristics of unitary system include:
1. central government has sovereignty over what happens at every sub-level
2. sub level competencies are defined by statute and not enshrined in the written constitution
3. There is no direct participation of sub-levels in constitutional amendments
Characteristics of federal system include:
1. federal laws supercede state laws
2. federal laws must be applied by state courts
3.federal powers are limited and state powers are protected by the constitution
4. There's representation of states in parliament and states actively participate in constitutional amendments
Example of governments practising unitary system is the United Kingdom, Norway, Romania and Israel while federal system is practised in the United States, Canada, Germany and Australia.
It should be B, but I’m not too educated on Egypt’s history
Purposive behaviorism
Edward c. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called Purposive behaviorism
A subfield of psychology called "purposeful behaviorism" was developed by Edward Tolman. It combines the study of behavior with an analysis of the reason for or objective of behavior. According to Tolman, understanding of the environment and how an organism interacts with it is the foundation for learning. Tolman wanted to pinpoint the intricate cognitive processes and motivations that underpinned conduct.
To know more about purposive behaviorism here
brainly.com/question/15034706
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