It was resolved with the 3/5 compromise, which stated that an African American was counted as 3/5 of a person for population purposes.
The answer is strong governments in towns and villages, and a relatively weak government.
Immigrants are motivated to leave their former countries of citizenship, or habitual residence, for a variety of reasons, including a lack of local access to resources, a desire for economic prosperity, to find or engage in paid work, to better their standard of living, family reunification, retirement, climate or ...
The peasants felt oppressed by the Tsar. They felt that it was unfair how they could not get certain jobs. They also didn't like that the most well off people in the Russian Empire were the most favored by him, while the poor were suffering.