Research and development expenses, since these costs are intended to spur future growth, they should be considered capital expenses.
The term "expenditure on research and development" (R&D) refers to all costs associated with conducting research at colleges, universities, and other institutions of higher learning, whether those costs are covered by general institutional funds, specific grants, or contracts with public or private sponsors. Nearly US$ 1.7 trillion has been spent globally on research and development, which is a record high. Approximately 10 nations receive 80% of the money spent on expenditure on research and development. Countries have committed to significantly boosting public and corporate R&D spending as well as the number of researchers by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The total amount spent on R&D, and expenditure on research and development in the US was $607.5 billion.
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<span>Coffee/ sugar cane / bananas
can grow on a small farm, lower startup costs and risks. Countries clear cut natural forests and wildlife to make room for these crops. without export, they cannot sustain the country.</span>
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
The impact of corruption and fraud on an individual is numerous, whether it is coming from a company or a state.
Usually, the impact of corruption and fraud on individuals makes such individuals have a wrong perception of the situation.
If the individual is at the wrong end of corruption and fraud, such individual would miss many opportunities, including access to employment, good health care systems, be exposed to the inefficient quality of standard of living, and many more. Hence, such an individual would believe that little to nothing works in his immediate environment.
In the same vein, if such an individual is gaining from fraud and corruption, he would believe the situations are right for him, and that it is perfectly normal to cheat, lie, and bribe his way through to success. Hence, such an individual would see the world as the best fraudster or most corrupt rules the world and it would be a normal thing to him.
Answer: 13.1%
Explanation:
Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the expected return is;
Expected Return = Risk Free rate + beta(expected return - risk free rate)
= 4% + 1.3( 11% - 4%)
= 4% + 9.1%
Expected Return = 13.1%
Answer:
so value of the mistake is $311685.71
Explanation:
given data
present value = $1,200,000
time = 6 year
discount rate = 18%
discount rate = 8%
to find out
What is the dollar value of the mistake
solution
we get here present value that is express as for both rate that is
present value = 
put here value
present value = 
present value 1 = $444517.85
and
present value = 
present value 2 = $756203.55
so
difference is $756203.55 - $444517.85
difference is = $311685.71
so value of the mistake is $311685.71
