Answer: Segregation violated the <u>equal protection clause</u> of the 14th Amendment, which holds that no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Details/explanation:
<em>Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka</em>, decided by the US Supreme Court in 1954, ruled that all Americans are entitled to the same civil liberties and protections in regard to access to education. Until that decision, it was legal to segregate schools according to race, so that black students could not attend the same schools as white students. An older Supreme Court decision,<em> Plessy v. Ferguson</em> (1896), had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, that standard was challenged and defeated. Segregation was shown to create inequality, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.
The ruling was important in advancing civil rights because it affirmed that the 14th Amendment applies to all rights and privileges of citizens, including access to education. This was being violated by states whose laws supported the segregation of schools. Section 1 of the 14th Amendment reads as follows:
- <em>All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.</em>
The correct answer is A: d<span>uring an antislavery convention, women activists were prevented from speaking, which made them focus on women’s rights. </span>
On March 2, 1901, the Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions. On May 22, 1903 the treaty was signed between U.S. and Cuba to protect Cuba´s independence from foreign intervention and permitting extensive U.S. involvement in Cuban international and domestic affairs for the enforcement of Cuban independence.
The Impact:
Ironically The Platt Amendment was used by the U.S. for the Second Occupation of Cuba from 1906 to 1909. On September 29, 1906, Secretary of War (and future U.S. president) William Howard Taft initiated the Second Occupation of Cuba when he established the Provisional Government of Cuba under the terms of the treaty (Article three), declaring himself Provisional Governor of Cuba. On October 23, 1906, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 518, ratifying the order