A new era of military, political, and social interactions between Muslims and Christians has begun. In relations between Christians and Muslims, it led to dominance.
The caliphate collapses at the start of the period, dividing the Islamic rule in the Iberian peninsula. Christian kingdoms in the north developed a sense of togetherness, grew more strong, and increased their territory via war. As the last stronghold of Islamic Iberia, the Christian kings eventually overthrow all of the Muslims who encircle the region. Thus, a dominant paradigm was produced by the interactions between Christians and Muslims. Since the Muslims conquered the Iberian Peninsula, relations between Muslims and Christians have generally been contentious and poor. Even if there were brief intervals of partial calm while the peninsula was ruled by Muslims, the peace was only maintained via threats and coercion because Jews and Christians both faced discrimination and persecution. Because of this, the Christians in this area struggled mightily to escape the Muslim Caliphate, and when they did, they turned into some of the religion's most fervent adherents. Additionally, Iberian Peninsula Christians worked very hard to spread Christianity as widely as they could, which is clearly seen in the region's Christian populations in Latin America today.
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Answer:
Great Zimbabwe became a center for trading, with a trade network linked to Kilwa Kisiwani and extending as far as China.
Explanation:
Phidias, Ictinus and Callicrates
The Farming villages of West Africa Did not expand east toward the Sahara
