The psychologist is Sigmund Freud. Surrealism was the artistic movement that first directly accredited him for his discoveries. It first began in Paris during the year 1924, the formation of the movement happened in an overlap with the translation of his writing into French, which began in 1922 with the translation of The Psychopathology of Everyday Life which was written originally in 1901.
That is Martin Luther, the guy who pinned the rules to the church door supposedely
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