Answer:
The most important challenge that the scientific community has to face is to develop a vaccine that effectively targets some of the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2.
Explanation:
It has been shown that SARS‐CoV-2 encodes for 27 different proteins. These proteins include 4 structural (among them, the spike glycoprotein, responsible for the pathogenicity of this virus), 15 nonstructural, and 8 proteins that have auxiliary functions (Liu et al. 2020). From the emergence of this disease, the scientific community has worked to understand how the immune system responds against specific protein regions of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., antigen regions) by targeting and inactivating the virus.
You can read this important publication above cited:
Liu, Z., Xiao, X., Wei, X., Li, J., Yang, J., Tan, H., ... & Liu, L. (2020). Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS‐CoV-2. Journal of medical virology, 92(6), 595-601.
