Sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.
According to Britannica it was cause by late blight.
Sorry but what are the options?
Artists used and use linear perspective to create a realistic style. Linear perspective is when an artist bases shapes, figures, etc on their relation to the horizon. The ultimate effect of this is that it allows an artist to create depth (3D feeling) on a 2D piece of paper.
Answer:
Amnesty international is the group which works to help get pardons for past offenses.