The stylistic element used in the passage is incongruity. It is a form of satire or humor. Incongruity is used in an unsuitable time. For example, If a man were in a court room and belched loudly while receiving his sentence, that would be a use of incongruity. Another example would be if at a royal wedding the groom's pants fell down in the middle of the ceremony.
The author has used rhetorical devices like parallelism to emphasize the miserable and hopeless condition of the migrants who were despised and hated but had no option but to swarm the town to fight hunger and survive.
<u>Explanation
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The chapter talks about the agrarians who were ruined by industrialization. Industries and technology pushed them on the roads. They moved in search of food and to give their families a meal to survive.
Parallelism has been employed at places to underline the misery, the dejection and distress.
For instance, in one of the paragraphs, just to stress on the simplicity of the agrarian folks before they were brought near to doom: ‘a simple agrarian folk who had not changed …….. who had not farmed. They had not grown up….’
This repetition of phrases and clauses is parallelism. The chapter is replete with such examples. It lends it unity and realism and appeals to emotions.
B.
Not A. because it isn't only for solving simple problems.
Not C. because it CAN work well with personal or school problems.
Not D. because you can't solve a problem before their is a problem.
I hope this helped.