Answer:
The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Report (MA, 2005), broadly defines ecosystem services as ‘the benefits humans obtain from ecosystems.’ However…. Not operational for all research purposes (Boyd and Banzhaf 2007, Wallace 2007 and Fisher and Turner 2008, Maeler et al. 2008), and efforts have been made to more carefully classify and understand ecosystem service to make their analysis more operational Fisher et al 2009). Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being, they support directly or indirectly our survival and quality of life. I. INTRODUCTION TO THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
3. From an economic standpoint an Ecosystem service is ‘a good or service flowing from an ecosystem that is of value to humans and occurs naturally’. Ej = r (N) Ej = jth ecosystem service N = natural capital (ecosystem structure) r = ecosystem function or process Example: Water quality= r (precipitation, terrain, soils, aquifers, biota) Introduction…
In the early 1960s, sociologist Herbert Gans moved into a newly developed suburb in new jersey where he lived for two years, observing and interviewing his neighbors. in research terms, Gans conducted a participant observation study. Participant observation is method used for data collection, in which the <span>the </span>observer is a "player" in the action (he/she <span>participates in ongoing activities and records </span>observations). The technique is used in many studies in Anthropology and Sociology.
Explanation:
the measures of fertility are .
- crude birth rate.
CBR= B/P×1000
2.Age specific fertility rate .
ASFR= B/P×1000
3.total fertility rate.
TFR=£ASFR×5/1000
£ sign means sametion
hope it is helpful to you
The answer is "arms race".
An arms race, in its unique use, refers to a competition between at least two states to have the best military. The developing threat of the nuclear-arms race has neglected to rouse much verbal confrontation. Atomic arrangement is never again broadly examined in the media; the general population has been enlightened small regarding a subject of existential significance; and inquiries once energetically contended have been to a great extent overlooked.
