D. Electrons are contained in the nucleus of an atom.
For radioactive materials with short half-lives, you use a very sensitive calibrated detector to measure how many counts per second it is producing. Then using the exact same set up you do the same at a latter time. You use the two readings and the time between them to determine the half-life. You don’t have to wait exactly a half-life, you can do the math with any significant time difference. Also, you don’t need to know the absolute radioactivity, as long as the set up is the same you only need to know fraction by which it changed.
For radioactive materials with long half-lives that won’t work. Instead you approach the problem differently. You precisely measure the mass of a very pure sample of the radioactive material. You can use that to calculate the number of atoms in the sample. Then you put the sample in a counter that is calibrated to determine the absolute number of disintegrations happening in a given time. Now you know how many of them are disintegrating every second. You use the following equations:
Decays per Second = (Number of Atoms) x (Decay Constant)
Half-life = (Natural Log of 2) / (Decay Constant)
And you can calculate the half-life
Hope it helps :)
Mark it as brainliest pls :)
Answer:
The answer is A.
Explanation:
B) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules:
ATP is made of adenosine (a type of nucleotide) and used in cell signalling called "purigenic signalling" and amino acids are also used as signal molecules.
C) Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins:
Transmembrane acts as receptors for smaller signal molecules so this can also be accepted as true.
D) Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription:
That is also true, some of the hormones can cross lipid membrane of the cells and bind directly to the intracellular (inside-of-a-cell) proteins.
Lastly; dissolved gasses such as nitric oxide can activate proteins such as guanylyl cyclase so this choice is <u>false</u>.
Answer:
hybridization can be used to produce plants giving a high yield by breeding an indigenous variety of the plant having disease and pest resistant qualities and also a greater adaptability to the particular environment with a high yielding exotic variety to get an offspring having the desired qualities of both and also promoting hybrid
this should help
