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Wood engraving by Gustave Dore (1832-1883) taken from 'London: a Pilgrimage', published by Grant & Co in 1872. Behind the group of exhausted-looking workers in the foreground, others can be seen stoking the fires beneath the gas retorts, sealed vessels where, at high temperatures, the coal was broken down into tar, coke and gas. From the 19th century, manufactured gas was made by the distillation of coal, predominantly for use in lighting. In 1869, the writer Blanchard Jerrold suggested a collaboration with Dore on a comprehensive portrait of London. Entitled 'London: a Pilgrimage', the book contained 180 engravings and although a commercial success, there were criticisms that Dore had concentrated on the poverty of the city.
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Explanation:
During the period 1450-1750, the natural world replaced the religious doctrine where the renaissance cultural promoted the secular values over religion. It is then that the humanists questioned and exposed many assumptions as false and this weakened the theorical underpinnings. Renaissance encouraged people to querry, get knowledge and change which would have not been the case in the middle age. This eventually led to the end of christendom's old idea and the the rise of protestant