Answer:
Oil
Explanation:
The Middle East region is most famously known for its oil, which is traded internationally.
The Middle East is a region that goes from Egypt (West) to Iran (East) and from Turkey (North) to Yemen (South).
That region hold a large part of the world's reserves of oil and is mostly controlled by Royal families in non-democratic systems.
The oil made those countries extremely rich, since the other countries are buying this oil at a good price.
I’m going to say A ...controlling inflation. Could be wrong but worth a try
Joan of arc introduced new battle strategies and incorporated older ones to succeed in 9 out of 13 of her battles in the 100 year war