first one is minor. minor is often just paid down by money, speeding is a minor crime
second is major, major is often paid down with prison time.
Third is felony, felony is the most extreme, murder is an example of a felony. Felony is often jail time for over 5 years
I don't think there are laws that defy the first amendment. However there may be signs asking you to be quiet or to be polite out of interest of certain people/things.
The major reason why the Articles of Confederation were too "weak" was because they gave the central government no power to tax the individual states--meaning that the US could not repay its war debt.
