Her whining gave me a constant headache?!?
C
Here's why :
cause, when youre saying that in a sentence, the comma goes as a little break, like how im doing right now.
To see if it sounds right out loud so you can make corrections, hope that helps!
A phrase is a set of words that don't have a subject doing a verb.
A clause does have a subject doing a verb.
So therefore, 1 would be a phrase, 2 would be a subordinate clause, and I'm sure (or hope) you can figure out the rest..?
A). is an expression of his protest over the current state of the world.