Answer:
There's a popular belief that Americans fought and won the entire revolution with nothing but guerrilla warfare. That's not true, and the myth largely stems from how the war began. The very first military engagement between British and American forces occurred on April 19 of 1775. American militia men had been covertly transporting weapons and colonial government leaders from town to town, hiding them from the British army. The British heard about these stockpiles in the Massachusetts towns of Lexington and Concord and went to seize them. The American volunteers of these town gathered together to oppose the British, resulting in a brief skirmish. As the British beat a hasty retreat back towards Boston, American militia units basically popped out of the bushes along the entire road, shot a few volleys, and disappeared. It wasn't enough to decimate the British, but the British weren't prepared for it, and it drove them back.
Explanation:
Imagine that you are in charge of leading a small army of volunteer soldiers against the largest and most powerful professional army in the world. Are you going to march straight into battle? Not if you expect it to be a very long one!
For centuries, small armies have relied on guerrilla warfare to help even the odds. This includes non-traditional wartime tactics like ambushing, sabotage, and raids rather than direct engagements. Guerrilla warfare is not meant to really defeat an opponent; instead, the idea is to make the war drag on and become so expensive that your adversary gives up. It's the different between fighting a professional boxer versus a swarm of mosquitoes - the mosquitoes won't kill you, but they just may drive you away.
Amongst the many armies to try out these tactics were the American colonists fighting for their independence. The American Revolution was a conflict between a group of volunteers and a massive professional army. Did they think they could defeat Britain, the heavyweight champion of European colonialism? Maybe not, but while Britain prepared to defend its title, it was the colonists who learned how to 'float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.'
5,000 to 6,000 were convicted
Correct items that apply:
- The British gained control of Hong Kong.
- British citizens were granted immunity from Chinese laws.
- Chinese would pay the British for losses in the war.
- China would open five ports for foreign trade.
So, the only incorrect item in that list was "The British lost to the Chinese." The British did not lose -- they won and imposed the various conditions listed above.
<u>Further context/detail on the First Opium War (1839-1842)</u>
Britain had been trying to gain trade access to China as part of its imperial ambitions. They found a product they could get Chinese people to buy -- the drug, opium. The Chinese government vehemently opposed this illegal trading the British were carrying on, and the First Opium War resulted. The British won and imposed the Treaty of Nanking on China in 1842, which compelled China to open its doors more widely to foreign trade. The United States followed up in 1844 with The Treaty of Wangxia, which gave the US access to trade in China.
From 1850 to 1860, conflict continued between the British and the Chinese in the Second Opium War, again with Britain prevailing and forcing China to open trade rules still further.
