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The people of Aad were an ancient tribe of Saudi Arabia. Their city was known as Iram. The tribe was popular for its cleverness and physical strength and therefore, they are also called giants. They were so strong and intelligent that they could carve mountains and use it as their homes. , the Thamūd were the successors of a previous nation called the ʿĀd, who had also been destroyed for their sins. They lived in houses carved into the surface of the earth. God chose the prophet Ṣāliḥ to warn the polytheistic Thamūd that they should worship the One God.
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<h2>1. Right answer: Observational
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Kepler formulated the three laws of planetary motion <u>from observations made by</u> the Danish astronomer <u>Tycho Brahe of the orbit of Mars.
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These laws were enunciated to mathematically describe the movement of the planets in their orbits around the Sun. However, the scientific resources existing in his time did not allow him to prove these laws. It was Newton who did it after having developed the Differential and Integral Calculus and formulating the Laws of Universal Gravitation.
<h2>2. Right answer: Aristotelian
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Aristotle mistakenly thought that the Earth was the center of the universe, thus establishing a <u>geocentric cosmological model.
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According to this model, Aristotle proposed that the universe (the cosmos) was spherical and finite, with the Earth immobile at its center, composed of the four fundamental elements (made up of spherical layers): ground, water, air and fire; and the Sun along with the fixed planets in their respective concentric spheres revolving around the Earth. The outermost sphere being that of the stars and all these external elements being made of a fifth element which he called ether.
