Answer:
An important effect of Islamic expansion in the 700s CE on the civilization of Europe was that it helped to keep alive knowledge from classical civilizations. Muslim universities were considered the most advanced and “cutting edge” in the world. Not only did they make their own advances in science and math, but they kept alive much of the classic knowledge of the Greeks that medieval Europe had ignored for centuries
Spain was responsible for colonizing most of South America in the sixteenth century.
The philosophy drove 19th-century U.S. territorial expansion and was used to justify the forced removal of Native Americans and other groups from their homes. The rapid expansion of the United States intensified the issue of slavery as new states were added to the Union, leading to the outbreak of the Civil War.
Answer 1:
The Concert of Europe refers to a general consensus among the Great Powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence.
Answer 2:
The old traditional empires stretched over continents gave way in Europe to the nation-state. Change was coming.
