Answer:
The first mechanical calculator was invented by the French mathematician Blaise Pascal
The Quartering Act is a name that was given to two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny Act and required annual renewal by Parliament.
James Madison played a great role in establishment of the US as a republic. During the writing of the constitution, the founding fathers were adamant that they wanted democratic system of governance. However, they were torn between a direct democracy and a republican democracy. James Madison dismissed a direct democracy since the US is a large country and thus impossible to be governed through direct pure democracy. Instead, the father of the constitution argued for a scheme of representation in a republican setting. He especially lauded such a government since it even catered for the rights of the minority than in direct democracies.
