Code of Justinian, Latin Codex Justinianus, formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”), collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from 529 to 565 ce. Strictly speaking, the works did not constitute a new legal code.
Roman law was indeed a great institution. They developed many of the ideas of justice which we today take for granted. Already in 451 BC they created basic laws which governed them all, laying down what one could and could not do. They wrote them down on twelve plates made of bronze, which became known as the Twelve Tables. These were the first examples of written law. Much later a great Roman emperor of Constantinople, Justinian, refined many of the laws of the day and collected them all into one work. This is known as the Justinian Code and it was completed in AD 529. These laws form the basis of all today's justice systems in the western world.
How about you say thanks for the question I answered, huh? Fine here it is:
During the Renaissance the cities of Italy were (especially in the north) were the largest in Europe, their culture the most urban. The other major states of Europe (such as Spain, France and England) were still much more agricultural in nature and their cities were much smaller. The one exception perhaps is the single city of Constantinople (Istanbul) which by the 15th century was on its last leg and was conquered by the Turks in 1453. Furthermore, in comparison to the Islamic cities such as Grenada, Baghdad and Alexandria even the largest European cities of Italy were much smaller than the those of the Islamic Empire(s). <span>
However, the renaissance is a very important period in European history because it is the point at which the Europeans and western civilization began to set themselves itself on a new trajectory that would find them progressing both culturally and technologically at a much faster pace than any other people on the globe.
Why did this movement start in Italy? Although it is still debatable, many historians believe Italy was well positioned for this type of development. Additionally as cultural heirs to the Roman empire they were surrounded with ancient Roman and Greek culture, which in many ways was superior to the cultures that had followed afterwards starting with the Dark Ages. Therefore this re-discovery of ancient cultural and of ancient text (mostly preserved in Arabic and re-translated into Latin or Greek) gave the Italians an advantage by gaining the wisdom of these great and ancient peoples who had united almost all of Europe. But the drive to learn and teach about the ancients and to discuss and develop their culture started in the cities, those centers for trade and scholasticism which were no doubt the prime drivers behind the Renaissance.
Hope that helps.</span><span>
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Answer:
I hope this could help... even thought this about like a week ago ... :)
Explanation:
Procedure:
Lower Courts: Bay County Circuit Court, Fourteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida
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Lower Court Ruling: The trial judge denied Gideon’s request for a court-appointed attorney because, under Florida law, counsel could only be appointed for a poor defendant charged with a capital offense. The Florida Supreme Court agreed with the trial court and denied all relief.
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Ruling:
Reversed and remanded. In its opinion, the Court unanimously overruled Betts v. Brady.
Argued: January 15, 1963
Decided: March 18, 1963
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Reasoning:
The Court held that the Sixth Amendment’s guarantee of counsel is a fundamental right essential to a fair trial and, as such, applies the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In overturning Betts, Justice Black stated that “reason and reflection require us to recognize that in our adversary system of criminal justice, any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him.”
