There are many factors involved in the improvement in the life expectancy such as sanitation, housing, scientific research to cure many diseases and infections, education etc.
Historically it was the nineteenth and early twentieth century when all these improvements were made due to which the mortality rate decreased intensively in early and middle ages.
The 1st of 4th one is the answer
Butchers. They were spectators whose job was to closely watch a hunger artist to make sure that he wouldn't sneak food
An outline is a writing tool used for organizing and planning your essay. It aides with organizing your thoughts neatly without the trouble of not knowing what to write.