Answer:
Carrier proteins bound to the molecule, change shape, and transport the molecule through the cell membrane and onto the other side.
Answer:
A DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid.
The DNA fragment replicates during cell division.
The plasmid enters a host bacterial cell.
The plasmid becomes part of a host cell's chromosome.
A host cell produces a protein that it would not have produced naturally.
Explanation:
Recombinant DNA is the DNA molecules formed invitro or lab condition with the help of a plasmid, bacterial cell as host and a desirable gene or DNA fragment by the technique of genetic engineering or recombination. This is also known as molecular cloning.
The correct order of steps in the DNA recombination process are as follows:
The desired DNA fragment is inserted into a vector or plasmid.
The DNA fragment replicates during cell division.
The plasmid enters a cell of host bacterial
The plasmid becomes part of a host cell's chromosome.
A host cell produces a protein that it would not have produced naturally.
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Answer:
In order for polar compounds to enter into the hydrophobic space of phospholipid tails, it would need to break the many <u>hydrogen</u> bonds
Explanation:
In the presence of water, the hydrophobic tails tend to interact with each other, creating a hydrophobic space from which water is excluded and in which other hydrophobic molecules can be trapped, while the polar head interacts with water, and is solvated, preserving the hydrophobic part from all contact with water. For a hydrogen bridge to form, a molecule that has hydrogen attached to an atom of high electronegativity and another molecule that has another electronegative atom with high electron density (that is, a negative partial charge) is required. Water molecules in the bulk of the body of water maintain multiple interactions with other molecules through an extensive network of hydrogen bridges, so for polar compounds to enter, it would be necessary to break many of these bonds.
Explanation:
The polar nature of the membrane’s surface can attract polar molecules, where they can later be transported through various mechanisms. Also, the non-polar region of the membrane allows for the movement of small non-polar molecules across the membrane’s interior, while preventing the movement of polar molecules, thus maintaining the cell’s composition of solutes and other substances by limiting their movement.
Further explanation:
Lipids are composed of fatty acids which form the hydrophobic tail and glycerol which forms the hydrophilic head; glycerol is a 3-Carbon alcohol which is water soluble, while the fatty acid tail is a long chain hydrocarbon (hydrogens attached to a carbon backbone) with up to 36 carbons. Their polarity or arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties i.e. they are amphiphilic. Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds.
Similarly via osmosis, the water passes through the membrane due to the difference in osmotic pressure on either side of the phospholipid bilayer, this means that the water moves from regions of high osmotic pressure/concentration to regions of low pressure/ concentration to a steady state.
Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the membrane from the extracellular fluid to the cytoplasm, and are sometimes attached to glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates) which function as cell surface markers. Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two major classes of membrane transport proteins; these allow large molecules called solutes (including essential biomolecules) to cross the membrane.
Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706
Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881
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