An incandescent bulb produces light that comes from the heating of a filament. A compact fluorescent bulb produces light when a substance is hit by electromagnetic radiation. Compact fluorescent bulbs are more efficient than incandescent bulbs.
The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. Therefore, a system with lower heat emissions would be more efficient.
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system (the thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work) can never decrease. In our context, it means that the system with the least amount of losses would be more efficient. As a conclusion the fluorescent bulb would be more efficient.
Part a
Answer:
For the arrangement considered in part a, all the atoms are aligned side by side along the side of the square surface.
Along one side of the square, the number of atoms that could fit
This is along one side. On the entire surface:
Number of atoms
Part b
Answer:
consider the attached figure below:
The next layer of atoms are filled in the depressions of the first layer. The vertical distance between the two atoms would change. Consider an equilateral triangle drawn by joining the centers of the three atoms.
The atoms along the horizontal side would be aligned side by side; same as above
The number of atoms along vertical side would vary. vertical distance between two atoms can be calculate using equilateral triangle as shown below.
an equilateral triangle has all the angles
Let the vertical distance be y.
Then,
where r is the radius of each atom.
The number of atoms along the vertical side
Total number of atoms in this kind of arrangement
Explanation:
Given that,
Work done, W = 4.57 J
Distance,
Distance,
We know that the work done by the spring is given by :
k = 550.65 N/m
To find,
Let is the extra work is required to stretch it an additional 9.54 cm. It can be calculated as :
W = 2207.96 J
So, the extra wok done is 2207.96 J.
for this we apply, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
it states that physical variables like position and momentum, can never simultaneously know both variables at the same moment.
the formula is,
Δp * Δx = h/4π
m(e).Δv * Δx = h/4π
by rearranging,
Δx = h / 4π * m(e).Δv
Δx = (6.63*10^-34) / 4 * 3.142 * 9.11*10^-31 * 5.10*10^-2
Δx = 6.63*10^-34 / 583.9 X 10 ⁻³¹
Δx = 0.011 X 10⁻³
for the bullet
Δx = (6.63*10^-34) / 4 * 3.142 * 0.032*10^-31 * 5.10*10^-2
Δx = 6.63*10^-34 /2.05
Δx =3.23 X 10⁻³² m
therefore, we can say that the lower limits are 0.011 X 10⁻³ m for the electron and 3.23 X 10⁻³² m for the bullet
To know more about bullet problem,
brainly.com/question/21150302
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