1. SVA
The subject of the sentence is who or what the sentence is about. The sentence is about the hay (S). The verb (smells) is a linking verb connecting the subject (hay) to its description (clean and sweet). Since there is a linking verb,clean and sweet are predicate adjectives that describe the subject.
2. SVOC
The subject is historians and the verb is consider. The verb is an action verb because it is something you can do. Harriet Tubman is a direct object. When looking for a direct object you can use the equation S+V=what? Historians consider what? Harriet Tubman (direct object). An objective complement renames or defines the direct object. In this case Harriet Tubman is being renamed as a major personality (objective complement).
3. SVIO
The subject is coach. "Of the field hockey team" is a prepositional phrase. A subject is not inside a prepositional phrase. The verb is gave because it is what the coach is doing. Direct object: The coach gave what? a certificate. A certificate is the direct object. Sometimes people think of it also as the thing you touch first in order to do the action. The coach must touch or pick up the certificate to give it so certificate is the direct object. The indirect object is each member. The indirect object receives the direct object and usually comes before the direct object.
4. SV
Meteors is the subject and they are doing the action of "have been discovered" so "have been discovered" is the verb phrase. The rest of the sentence is full of prepositional phrases: "by scientists, "in various parts", of the world".
5. SVN
The subject is answer. The verb is a linking verb - is. Linking verbs link a subject to its description. If the description renames the subject with a noun, it is a predicate nominative. In this sentence answer is being renamed as "the last one". One is a noun in this sentence so it is the predicate nominative. "to the question is a prepositional phrase.
