The branching point on a cladogram represents a common ancestor. A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. However it is not an evolutionary tree since it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed.
Answer:
The comparatively fast evolution of various species from a single common ancestor is known as adaptive radiation. It usually takes place when an organism enters a novel region and distinct traits influence its survival. The island chain offers suitable conditions for adaptive radiation to take place as when an organism of a certain species comes to an island together and get disperse all through the chain, and each of these organisms getting settle into distinct niches and exploiting various food resources in order to minimize the competition, thus, resulting into adaptive radiation.
The correct answer is "crossing over."
Cellular growth takes place under interphase, specifically under G1 phase of interphase wherein there is increase in cell proteins and structure. Duplication of chromosomes (or DNA synthesis) takes place under interphase, specifically under the S phase of interphase. In the S phase, there is also duplication of organelles. Crossing over takes place under prophase I of meiosis.
