C. Law of superposition because it is the principle that the oldest layer of sediment will be found on the bottom
A soil's physical and chemical properties affect plant growth and soil management. Some important physical and chemical properties of soil are mineral content, texture, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, structure, porosity, organic matter content, carbon-to-ni- trogen ratio, color, depth, fertility, and pH.
I believe that would be Mesopotamia, the seat of the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations.
Source: Studied this last week. :)