A bacterium is unable to transport lactose into the cell to be broken down. Which gene is likely mutated in this bacterium

Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. What are the

Masteriza [31]

Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. What are these bacteria-killing molecules called antibiotics

Antibiotics are effective pills which can be usually safe. Although they are very helpful in fighting disease, antibiotics can actually be harmful. Important Facts About Antibiotic Safety: Antibiotics can cause side effects such as allergic reactions and severe and potentially life-threatening diarrhea caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile (C. diff).

Antibiotics can also interfere with other medications you may be taking. Antibiotic side effects account for nearly one-fifth of emergency room visits. These conditions are the most common reasons for emergency room visits for children under the age of 18. Taking antibiotics you don't need unnecessarily exposes you to the drug's side effects and denies you the benefits.

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5 0

2 years ago

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Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally th

TEA [102]

Complete question:

Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transport proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in the transport of materials into and out of the cell.

Part A

Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.

a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane

b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane

d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane

e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane

f. requires cellular energy

g. secretes large molecules out of the cell

Answer:

a. --> ENDOCYTOSIS

b. -->EXOCYTOSIS

c.--> ENDOCYTOSIS.

d. --> BOTH

e. --> EXOCYTOSIS

f. --> BOTH

g. --> EXOCYTOSIS

Explanation:

To answer the question, first, we need to know the meaning of endocytosis and exocytosis.

Endocytosis and exocytosis process refers to molecules transport mediated by vesicles. It occurs from and into the cell and needs energy to happen because it is active transport.

Cells can export many substances in vesicles or vacuoles that originate in specific organelles like, for instance, the Golgi complex. Organelles form new vesicles or vacuoles with substances destined for exportation and send them forward to the membrane. When they get there, they fuse to the cell membrane, releasing all their content to the extracellular space. When fussing, the vesicle membrane increases the size of the cellular membrane. This process is <u>exocytosis</u>, and its direction is always from the inside of the cell to the outside.

But there is also another vesicle-mediated transport that occurs from the exterior to the cell interior, the <u>endocytosis process. </u>It happens when the cell imports material from the extracellular space through the invagination of the membrane, producing a new vesicle that surrounds the incoming material. The invagination ends in strangulation of the membrane, releasing the new vesicle in the cytoplasm. This process decreases the size of the cellular membrane because it uses part of it to engulf the material.

Now that we know these concepts, we can sort the phrases into the appropriate bins.

a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS, because the new vesicles are formed using the cell membrane

b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS, because vesicle needs to fuse to the cell membrane to release the carrying material

c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS. Refers to the invagination process of the cell membrane. It only occurs during endocytosis

d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane. BOTH. Substances are too big or too many to be physically transported through the cell membrane

e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS. Occurs when the vesicle fuses the cell membrane to release the content to the exterior.

f. requires cellular energy. BOTH of them, because they are active transport.

g. secretes large molecules out of the cell. EXOCYTOSIS. The direction is from the interior of the cell to the exterior. These are exportation molecules.

8 0

3 years ago

5. What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplast?

FinnZ [79.3K]

Answer:

C. Mitochondria convert sugars into energy, while chloroplasts carry out

photosynthesis.

Explanation:

Chloroplasts have the ability to use light to convert carbon, derived from carbon dioxide into sugar. Mitochondria on their part break down simple sugars into carbon dioxide and release energy. Chloroplasts are larger and have greater complexity than mitochondria, and they have several critical functions to perform, besides the generation of ATP. Apart from converting carbon dioxide to carbohydrates they synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, and the lipid contained in their own membranes.

Mitochondria are to be found in both plant and animal cells, whereas chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. The former have a structure composed of a prokaryotic cell, whereas Chlorplasts are made up of stacks of thylakoids surrounded by a fluid called stroma. According to some theories, mitochondria exist because of endocytosis of aerobic bacteria, while chloroplasts are around because of the result of endocytosis of photosynthetic bacteria.

Chloroplasts exist only in plant cells and lend the green color of most plants. Mitochondria on the other hand are found in both animal and plant cells and are engaged in the production of ATP. To use simple layman language, mitochondria in animal cells changes energy into forms that animals can use, while chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight into energy that plants can use. From this it follows that mitochondria in a sense are the power plant in the animal cells, because it generates energy. Chloroplasts provide the green color to the plant due to the chlorophyll present in them.

Mitochondria cells are 1 to 10 um long in length. These can change shapes, get around, and divide into two. The cell is surrounded by an envelope of two membranes. The membrane on the outside is smooth while the other one is marked by what are called cristae.

Photosynthesis happens only in plants. This is because only plants contain chloroplasts. Thus we can see that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the building blocks of life for plants and animals respectively in the sense that they provide nourishment to the organisms. The two are also representative of the dividing line between the two kingdoms of life on earth-the animal and the plant.

These two structures are markers of two philosophies of life form if one may use the use the term. One that is self sustaining, manufacturing its own food, the other that is dependent upon the former as the primary source of food, but far more complex and evolved way of life in many other aspects.

4 0

3 years ago

Which produces water as its primary waste product?

butalik [34]

D Hew i think because isnt hew the stuff on the grass

4 0

3 years ago

In one or two sentences, describe how an invasive species can be introduced into an ecosystem by humans. Name a specific situati

Kazeer [188]

Answer:

Invasive species are among the leading threats to native wildlife. Approximately 42 percent of threatened or endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.

7 0

2 years ago

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