Although the Crusades are popularly viewed as religiously inspired campaigns to recapture the Holy Land, students should recognize them as a result of the social and economic events in Europe between 1000 and 1200. Religious and secular leaders seeking to end the fighting among feudal lords seized upon the Crusades as a means of redirecting that aggression. Feudal knights who would not be inheriting their family properties eagerly enlisted in the Crusades as a way to win wealth or status. The idea of the pilgrimage was a powerful one, and the Crusades were basically armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The various Crusades ultimately failed. The sack of Constantinople was a fitting denouement to the whole concept. The interaction with the East brought to Europe not only Arabic translations of Greek texts, but also original Arabic and Iranian scientific and philosophical works.
Answer:
The first one is the first option and the second one is the third one.
Explanation:
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Answer: The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency. They also attacked the Democratic-Republicans for their pro-French stance. Pinckney had been refused as U.S. minister because of the escalating crisis, and that American merchant ships had been seized in the Caribbean.
Explanation:
The Department of Housing and Urban Development . expanded funding for public housing and funded city rebuilding efforts.
After World War II, affordable houses in urban areas were difficult to find. Due to the rate of homelessness, president Johnson created this department to provide funding to business that meet a minimum quality standards. This resulted in more affordable housing.
