Answer:
α = 0 if β= 0
Explanation:
If both species want to persist in the same environment and their niches are also over lapping then both of the co-efficient values should be equal. There are two possibilities on these values for persistence. One is that one should compromise to the change produced by the invasive specie and two is that the new specie should compromise if he wants to stay (<em><u>Assuming that there is no competition</u></em>). In this way their niches won't overlap to a greater extent and therefore better chances of survival for both.
I’m unsure how to answer this because I don’t know
How much bacteria there was
What bacteria it was
And what the conditions of the bacteria are
This chart is from Dr. Jason from the math forum
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/64555.html hope this helps!
Water, ice, and wind can all cause weathering. Climate can also affect the rate of weathering.
I can t find out the cost, but there is your answer!