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Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of Koran and the traditions of the prophet (Hadith and Sunna).
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Thomas Jefferson used the thoughts first penned by John Locke while writing the Declaration of Independence. The phrase "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness," was an idea first considered by Locke in his Two Treatises on Government.
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source: constitution facts
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A mass political movement led by charismatic leaders to win elections and bring social justice.
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The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The changes to Chinese administration and bureaucracy that Song rulers introduced were the following.
The Song dynasty produced changes in ancient China. Its leaders were committed to work and develop notorious advancements such as the use of the compass for exploration, the use of gunpowder to wage war and other uses such as construction, and invested so much in the formation of its standing navy, culture, arts, education, literature, and philosophical studies. Confucianism had a second "fresh air" with the studies of philosophers such as Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi.
Bureaucracy was centralized under the Song dynasty and demanded its bureaucratic officials to work with virtue and high moral. Indeed, they had to pass difficult examinations and evaluations to be part of the Song bureaucratic system of government.
The Song dynasty started in 960 and ended in 1279.
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The Italian cities states cut off from the trade with Asia lost power and wealth. Florence with its wool trade with England and northern Europe became the most powerful city state in Italy. Trade with Asia was and still is vital to the wealth and power of nations. With trade the Italian City States prospered
