Totalitarianism is a political concept that defines a mode of government, which prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. Political power in totalitarian states has often involved rule by one leader and an all-encompassing propaganda campaign, which is disseminated through the state-controlled mass media and are often marked by political repression, personality cultism, control over the economyand restriction of speech, mass surveillanceand widespread use of state terrorism. Historian Robert Conquest describes "totalitarian" states as recognizing no limits to their authority in any sphere of public or private life and extending that authority wherever feasible.
The concept was first developed in the 1920s by the Weimar jurist and later Nazi academic Carl Schmitt as well as Italian fascists. Italian fascist Benito Mussolini said "Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state". Schmitt used the term Totalstaat in his influential 1927 work on the legal basis of an all-powerful state, The Concept of the Political.[2] Later, the concept was used extensively to compare Nazism and Stalinism. The Economist has described China's recently developed social credit system to screen and rank its citizens based on their personal behavior as "totalitarian"
Totalitarian regimes are different from other authoritarian ones. The latter denotes a state in which the single power holder – an individual "dictator", a committee or a junta or an otherwise small group of political elite – monopolizes political power. "[The] authoritarian state [...] is only concerned with political power and as long as that is not contested it gives society a certain degree of liberty".[6] Authoritarianism "does not attempt to change the world and human nature".[6] In contrast, a totalitarian regime attempts to control virtually all aspects of the social life, including the economy, education, art, science, private life and morals of citizens. Some totalitarian governments may promote an elaborate ideology: "The officially proclaimed ideology penetrates into the deepest reaches of societal structure and the totalitarian government seeks to completely control the thoughts and actions of its citizens".[7] It also mobilizes the whole population in pursuit of its goals. Carl Joachim Friedrich writes that "a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by a secret police, and monopoly control of [...] industrial mass society" are the three features of totalitarian regimes that distinguish them from other autocracies.
Germany did totalitarian governments emerge during the Depression
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Answer: hồ chí minh tên thật là gì
Explanation:
Answer:
<u><em>I do not believe that my city should be sovereign. Sovereignty is the right to govern yourself in a completely independent way. Countries are usually considered to be completely sovereign. However, I believe it is not a good idea for a city to be completely sovereign, because this comes with many responsibilities in terms of political, social and economic commitments that a city would not be able to handle effectively.</em></u>
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Our ancestor, modern man Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago.
Homo habilis, an early human who evolved around 2.3 million years ago, was probably the first to make stone tools.
Neanderthals died out around 30,000 years ago.
Flint was commonly used for making stone tools but other stones such as chert and obsidian were also used.
The Stone Age is divided into three periods; the Palaeolithic (old Stone Age), Mesolithic (middle Stone Age) and the Neolithic (new Stone Age).
Palaeolithic and Mesolithic people were nomadic hunter gatherers.
They moved frequently following the animals that they hunted and gathering fruits and berries when they could.
The dog was the first animal to be domesticated.
This happened during the Mesolithic period.
Dogs could help with the hunt, warn of danger and provide warmth and comfort.
The gradual development of agriculture and the domestication of animals during the Neolithic period meant that people could live in settled communities.
Some isolated tribespeople were still effectively living in the Stone Age as recently as the twentieth century.
The houses in Skara Brae, a Neolithic Orkney village, had beds, cupboards, dressers, shelves and chairs.
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