Answer:
1) By breaking of ATP to ADP
2) The sodium and potassium ions are transported using active transport process!
Explanation:
In cell, the movement of ions across the membrane at the expense of energy is known as Active Transport. The energy is used in the form of ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate) that gets converted to ADP(Adenosine diphosphate) during transport. It takes the ions from high concentration to low concentration. ADP contains one less phosphate group that ATP, as their name indicates and plays a prime role in the flow of energy to the cells.
Unsaturated fatty acids are a component of the phospholipids in cell membranes and help maintain membrane fluidity. The Phospholipids contain a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, when compressed, the “kinks” in their tails push adjacent phospholipid molecules away, that helps in maintain fluidity in the membrane. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond, creating a "kink" in the chain, the absence of double bonds decreases fluidity, making the membrane very strong and stacked tightly.
The ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids determines the fluidity in the membrane at a temperature, at appropriate temperatures the phospholipids have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the membrane together, which increases membrane fluidity.
To learn more about Unsaturated fatty acids , here
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Answer:
propose is the correct answer
In order to produce an effective immune response within the body, the person must be injected with a dosage of a virus or bacteria, and for it to be allowed to grow in the person, which replicates just enough to stimulate a response from the immune system.
Answer:
D. 4E-BP1 binding to elF4E prevents loading of the mRNA onto the ribosome.
Explanation
In eukaryotic organisms, the eIF4E translation initiation factor functions by directing the ribosomes to the 5'-terminal cap structure of the messenger RNA (mRNA) in order to start the translation. Moreover, phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of specific amino acids on proteins that play diverse cellular functions by altering protein stability, location, and/or enzymatic activity. It has been shown that elF4E phosphorylation is increased in response to cellular stimuli that induce translation in the ribosomes (e.g., growth factors, hormones, etc). The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is a repressor of mRNA translation which is phosphorylated and inactivated by growth factors and hormones, thereby inhibiting 4E-BP1 binding to elF4E and consequently activating translation.
