labour movement
an organized effort on the part of workers to improve their economic and social status by united action through the medium of labor unions
The labour movement developed in response to the depredations of industrial capitalism at about the same time as socialism. However, while the goal of the labour movement is to protect and strengthen the interests of labour within capitalism, the goal of socialism is to replace the capitalist system entirely.
Poll taxes, literacy tests and threatened violence were all measures that existed in Southern states in order to undermine the content of A) the 15th Amendment. This was due to the South having a hard time coming to terms with the fact that they were obligated to give African-Americans equal voting rights. The above were both harsha and offensive tactics used against former slaves, so that they were unable to vote.
Russia (USSR)
I'm pretty sure East or West Germany? Google it.
:Article III, Section II of the Constitution establishes the jurisdiction (legal ability to hear a case) of the Supreme Court. The Court has original jurisdiction (a case is tried before the Court) over certain cases, e.g., suits between two or more states and/or cases involving ambassadors and other public ministers.
