Answer:
Today, psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes." Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India.
Psychology was a branch of the domain of philosophy until the 1860s, when it developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany.
Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854, in Leipzig Germany, when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them. Fechner's theory, recognized today as Signal Detection Theory foreshadowed the development of statistical theories of comparative judgment and thousands of experiments based on his ideas (Link, S. W. Psychological Science, 1995). Later, 1879,Wilhelm Wundt founded in Leipzig, Germany, the first Psychological laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Germany. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist (a notable precursor of Wundt was Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783 and gave lectures on empirical psychology at the Old University of Münster, Germany. Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American father of pragmatism), and Ivan Pavlov (who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning).
Explanation:
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How thick a layer would Earth form as it wraps around the neutron star’s surface is: 6.67 10⁻³ m.
<h3>Density of the Neutron star</h3>
Density
ρ = m / V
Where:
ρ= density
m = mass of the planet 5.98 10²⁴ km
V =volume of the spherical layer
Volume of a sphere
Volume = 4/3 π r³
Mass = 1.5 = 1.5 1,991 10³⁰
Mass= 2.99 10³⁰ kg
Density:
ρ = 2.99 10³⁰ / [4/3 π (10 10³)³]
ρ is = 7.13 10 17 kg / m³
V = 5.98 10²⁴ / 7.13 10¹⁷
V = 8,387 10⁶ m³
Thickness of the layer
V = 4π r² e
e = V / 4π r
e = 8,387 10⁶ / [4π (10 10³)²]
e = 6.67 10⁻³ m
Inconclusion how thick a layer would Earth form as it wraps around the neutron star’s surface is: 6.67 10⁻³ m.
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