What story?i seeing nothing
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 A. It's true that laptops are expensive, but the benefits they provide for student learning far outweigh any initial costs.
Explanation:
Adressing a counterclaim in a civil way means in a polite and formal manner. That means, not leaving space for insults or very casual words, therefore the arguments must be refuted with a correct logic and reasoning.
I think option A is the correct choise because it is the only one that is answering a counterclaim. With the phrase "It's true that..." we can see that someone gave his arguments before, and now it's time to answer. First the author of this phrase gives some credit to the counterclaim logic and reasoning, admitting that there is a valid point there: laptops are expensive. After that, the author gives his point of view and highlights the benefits of the use of laptops, this benefits overpass the main point of the counterclaim.  
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
As you may have observed, all continuous tenses use a form of the verb 'be' and a present participle, whereas all perfect tenses use a form of the verb 'have' and a past participle.
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
I would presume that the one that has to do with academic skills such as thinking. I think its researching. Hope it helps :)
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
It means "full of conflict"
Explanation:
The context of the sentence shows that their 'good friendship' stands in contrast to the 'tempestous' nature of the relationship.
Hence, the contextual meaning of tempestuous here will be It means "full of conflict".