Because of the weakness of non-states (ones that werent official, just groups of people who called themselves states), and European powers had strong econimies and a well organized government. Hope this was useful :P
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well one characteristic of a leader is being able to be democratic visionary and being able to listen to the followers well one of them is the Ukrainian president Zelensky he is a great leader meaning he knows the pains of his people
Mohammed made explicit calls to treat people of other monotheistic faiths as brothers and sisters in religion. The most famous is the hadith where he asked Christians and Jews to pray alongside him in the mosque (even if they had no intention of converting to Islam). It is important to note, however, that he did not extend this tolerant attitude to the pagans, polytheists, and spirit doctors that he encountered throughout Arabia. Therefore, although he was incredibly tolerant for his period in history, he would not be considered tolerant by modern standards
Because the colonists were throwing snowballs towards the soldiers and yelling things. while one of them tripped and accedently fired. while the other soldiers fired out of fear there was a ambush
A society by which most food in gained by foraging
