He is the author of Capitalism and Commerce. Adam Smith (1723-1790), moral philosopher and economist, wrote two great books, the well-known Wealth of Nations (1776) and Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) which has been overshadowed by his treatise on economics.
Most northerners wanted to abolish slavery, any new state that would come into the nation would be considered a free state, while any new state that was brought into the South would allow slavery.
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Explanation: Black death (black plague), hundred years of war, Europe was periodically ravaged by invaders, and communication and trade between Europe and the rest of the world almost came to a complete halt.
I, II, and IV. Guilds were pretty much were a bunch of people of the same job got together and made their stuff better. the invention of money gave people a more accessible form of fund and the expansion of trade allowed travelers to go anywhere to buy what they need