Guns germs and money they had better weapons, diseases that native Americans had never been in contact with and they were able to bribe some of them into helping them and giving up land
A. Most of the area is a desert
This would be matrilineal, where the line of the mother was the relevant line, and not of the father: in order to be a king, one needed to have the royal mother and the father was irrelevant. The dynasty would be traced by the female line in this case (even if the kings were the rulers).
Polk’s margin of victory was approximately 1.4 percent. :)