The Angolan Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in Angolan society and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA with UNITA during the war for independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.With the assistance of Cuban soldiers and Soviet support, the MPLA managed to win the initial phase of conventional fighting, oust the FNLA from Luanda and become the de facto Angolan government.The FNLA disintegrated, but the U.S. and South Africa-backed UNITA continued its irregular warfare against the MPLA-government from its base in the east and south of the country.
The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994 and from 1998 to 2002 – with fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced.The war devastated Angola's infrastructure and severely damaged public administration, the economy and religious institutions.
The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and the exceptional degree of foreign military and political involvement. The war is widely considered a Cold War proxy conflict, as the Soviet Union and the United States, with their respective allies, provided assistance to the opposing factions. The conflict became closely intertwined with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo and the South African Border War. Land mines still litter the countryside and contribute to the ongoing civilian casualties.
Answer:
Nine states.
Explanation:
Only nine states need to ratify the constitution; the constitution would not go into effect unless nine states agreed.
Answer:
A group of poor citizens attacks a state legislature and establishes its own government.
Explanation:
A*pex
Elizabeth Cady Stanton is an abolitionist who worked for the women suffrage movement. She is also an eloquent writer as she framed the declaration of sentiments which expressed the grievances and the importance of women rights in the society.
Explanation:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton took up law and got specialized in that subject. She enjoyed law books and debating with her father’s law clerks. She was formally educated which was considered to be common during the time of gender bias which prevailed in those times. She was well versed in Latin, Greek and mathematics and she had won various academic awards. She encountered female discrimination in Johnstown where she completed her studies. Her early years gave her the knowledge and the power to voice out against gender bias which she considered to be a social evil in the American society.
She was attracted to many women temperance and abolitionist movements. She married a reformer Henry Stanton. She married him by taking a oath which had the word 'obey' omitted. She is a feminist and considered that females are equal and more than that when compared to men emotionally. They both attended the anti-slavery convention in London where she was supporting the local women who were being kept aloof from political events and after which they settled in Seneca Falls. She framed the Declaration of sentiments which highlighted and echoed the grief of women for being kept aside in the society without being given the equal rights as mentioned in the constitution.
In 1887, the government made a new policy under the Dawes Act. It was designed to force assimilation by separating Native Americans from their tribal affiliations. They were then turned into farmers, and American citizens.
