<span>Neil Smelser suggested a theory of structural strain that links existing social conditions to the emergence of collective behavior.
crowd
a temporary grouping of individuals who are physically close enough to engage in social interaction
mob
a special type of crowd that is wildly out of control and is intent on doing violence and harm
casual crowd
a type of crowd that consists of people who are passive and have a low emotional engagement and little social interaction with those nearby</span>
Answer: A heuristic
Explanation: A heuristic is a mental shortcut applied to solving problems. By using a heuristic here, Ivan may be able to reduce the time to find the map if he is correct. Heuristics serve as an efficient way to find solutions when we have limited time or knowledge.
While rational problem solving techniques are ideal, the resources we have at our disposal, especially time and limited intelligence do not always allow us to be rational at all times. This is why we use heuristics which is often a method of trial and error.
Answer:b.drive-reduction theory.
Explanation:This theory suggests that our body is biologically tuned to seek the state of equilibrium at all times a biological term used for this is homeostasis. Our body control the temperature so that we don't feel too hot or too cold
Hull who is the father of this theory suggest that we feel a drive which pushes us towards fulfilling biological or physiological needs , it arouses us and create tensions that will push us towards fulfilling these needs like when we are thirsty. We drink when we are thirsty to reduce the tension created by being thirsty.
I think the answer to your equation is C. Cluster
