Possibly earthquakes, eruptions, possibilitty, and emotions.
The correct answer should be <span>B. feared encroaching European influence
They saw what China went through in its encounter with European forces and they didn't want for the same thing to happen to them. They also wanted to implement imperialistic policies as well and this was common at the time when everyone started spreading.</span>
The answer is the last one, D. In retaliation to the creation of the Continental Army, Great Britain prohibited all trade with the colonies.
The answer is urbanization.