Answer:
Due to the cost and resource input (specially the land) required for producing ethanol
Explanation:
In current time most of the ethanol is produced by fermenting corn, sugarcane or other plants at high temperature. In this process of fermentation, liquid bio fuel is produced.
These plants and crops require large area for cultivation and production along with huge inputs of fertilizers and water. As per an estimate , 3 gallons of ethanol require bushel of corn that intakes 800 gallons of water which is a huge cost to any nation or individual
Hence, scientist are finding new ways to create ethanol
3. Environment
The simplest definition of an ecosystem is that it is a community or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment.
Answer:
DNA ligase
Explanation:
DNA replication is a process whereby a particular DNA makes a copy of or synthesizes itself. It consists of several steps with some important enzymes for successful, error free replication. The various steps are as follows;
- Unwinding of the double helix structure of the DNA and formation of replication fork. The enzyme involved here is the DNA helicase.
- Primer, a short piece of RNA becomes synthesized and binds to the 3' end of one of the 2 strands of the DNA, the leading strand. The enzyme involved is the DNA primase.
- Replication of the <em>leading strand</em> then proceeds with the elongation of the primer through the addition of bases in the 5' to 3' direction leading to the formation of continuous strands.
- The other strand of the DNA, known as the <em>lagging strand </em>starts its own replication by binding with multiple primers at different regions of the strand. Bases are then added to each primer leading to the formation of several, short discontinuous DNA strands known as Okazaki fragments. The enzyme involved in the elongation process is the DNA polymerase.
- Next is the termination of the replication process after the formation of the continuous and discontinuous strands. Exonuclease enzyme removes primers from the synthesized strands. Primers are replaced by appropriate DNA bases and the Okazaki fragments are joined to form a unified DNA strand by an enzyme known as the DNA ligase.
The many, few nucleotides long DNA segments observed by the Biochemist are the Okazaki fragments that should have been joined together by the DNA ligase.
Hence, DNA ligase must have been the component left of the mixture.
In cell biology, mitosis (/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division. In general, mitosis is preceded by S phase of interphase (during which DNA replication occurs) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. The different stages of mitosis altogether define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to each other. So yes i would put A-Mitosis
Closed intranuclear pleuromitosis is typical of Foraminifera, some Prasinomonadida, some Kinetoplastida, the Oxymonadida, the Haplosporidia, many fungi ( chytrids, oomycetes, zygomycetes, ascomycetes ), and some Radiolaria ( Spumellaria and Acantharia ...
Closed extranuclear pleuromitosis occurs in Trichomonadida and Dinoflagellata.
Closed orthomitosis is found among diatoms, ciliates, some Microsporidia, unicellular yeasts and some multicellular fungi.
Semiopen pleuromitosis is typical of most Apicomplexa.
Semiopen orthomitosis occurs with different variants in some amoebae ( Lobosa) and some green flagellates (e.g., Raphidophyta or Volvox ).
