The answer is sadly Smog.
Answer:
<h3>c. mandate.</h3>
Explanation:
A mandate is a command or an order that necessitates an individual or an organization to act in a specific manner. A court may impose mandate to make certain obligations or activities necessary as part of a legal process on certain cases.
Here, judges ordering Massachusetts to change its way of recruiting firefighters, even though the state does not receive aid from the federal government for fire fighting is referred to as mandate. The court necessitates and makes the state follow certain obligations through the provision of mandate.
A writ of certiorari is a judicial order that instructs a lower court to send up the record in a case so that the decision can be reviewed by a higher court. This is the process by which judicial review occurs.
