B. Pioneering research on radioactivity. She discovered Polonium and Radium, and won the 1903 Nobel Prize.
The answers are:
A) In 1-2 sentences, identify the historical context of this excerpt.
According to James R. Ferguson, The four treatises that Otis wrote during 1764-65 revealed contradictions and even intellectual confusion. Otis was the first leader of the period in the development of the traditional ideas of the constitution and representation, but was based on the traditional views of the parliamentary authority.
B) In 2-3 sentences, describe how this excerpt reflects the influence of foreign events on the spread of revolutionary sentiment in the colonies.
After reading this paragraph we can infer that it refers to the colonial power exercised by his majesty over his colonies. We also see that it reveals which were the dominant colonies of the time and names them referring to France and Great Britain.
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Duong Van Minh controlled South Vietnam after Diem was overthown
Kipling, like many individuals in his generation, viewed colonialism as a positive force. Kipling believed that it was a facilitator of civilization, it provided important moral and educational benefits and was the responsibility of more advanced nations to bestow on less advanced nations.