We can reduce <u>the effects of climate change on Africa</u> by taking into account several measures:
rational use of natural resources
afforestation of arid areas (the Sahara desert extends and includes the Sahel area) which leads to the acceleration of the <em>desertification</em> process
rational use of water and food resources (<em>Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia</em> are the countries in Africa that are facing <em>hunger</em> and need help)
As the volcanic islands of Hawaii are still considered to be in an active zone, as the Hawaiian islands are believed to be formed on the hotspot of eruptions ie. the active plate boundaries from below the surface these tend to move westwards direction from the main island of Hawaii.
As we go from east to west the chain of rocks gets older and then forms a ring-shaped pattern hence called the ring of fire. Thus there is a great risk of volcanic hazard as these are fault lines being associated with high magnitude tectonic earthquakes.
They can have a seriously damaging impact upon other islands as well and this considered to be highly hazardous. As various vents and mounds of volcanic nature lie within the oceans of the Pacific plate.
