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The Amazon rainforest in Brazil lost an area about 12 times the size of New York City from August 2018 through July of this year, according to government data released Monday, which shows that deforestation in the biome has shot up significantly since the election of President Jair Bolsonaro.
The 3,769 square miles of forest cover lost during that period represents a 30 percent increase from the previous year and the highest net loss since 2008.
While there are always multiple direct and indirect drivers of deforestation, the largest contributors in Brazil, by far, are cattle ranching, demand for commodities, and logging (Butler, 2019). Cattle ranching is, as it sounds, the issue of large areas of forest being destroyed for cattle farms. This relates to the demand for commodities, as Brazil is the largest exporter of beef in the world (Yale University, 2015). The other largest commodity in the Brazilian Amazon is soybeans. In fact, Brazil is the largest exporter of soybeans in the world (Simoes et al., 2011). Soybeans require large plots of land in order to be farmed, and this land is obtained largely through deforestation. Lastly, logging, the process of obtaining wood for timber and other uses, is a very large contributor to deforestation.
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The Singapore we know today has a history marked by rapid transformations. Created initially by British political and economic interests, it was the local and world economic changes that proved to be the great spring of transformation of the country and its society.
A Brief Chronology
2nd century. First records of Singapore.14th century. Origins of the name of Singapore, Singapore or "City of the Lion".1819. Sultanate of Johor allows the installation of a British commercial warehouse on the island.Second World War. Japanese invade the British colony.1955. Self-government for Singapore.1958. Birth of the State of Singapore.1963. Singapore integrates Malaya into Malaysia.1965. Singapore is no longer part of Malaysia. The Republic of Singapore is born.The Primors
The earliest records about Singapore are from the second century where it appears on a map created by the mathematician, astrologer and geographer Ptolemy. In the third century there are Chinese accounts in which it is termed "Island at the End", a reference to its location at the extreme end of the Malay Peninsula.
The name Singapore had its origin in the 14th century, when the Prince of Srivijaya when visiting the region would have seen a lion (something very unlikely for the region, which was inhabited by tigers and not lions). After this supposed encounter, the region happened to gain the name of Singapore, that in Sanskrit means City of the Lion (singa = lion and pure = city).
