The Catholic church in Italy was controlled by the medieval popes, and the bishops were often worldly figures to nobles. The controversy of lay investiture was initiated by a decree from Pope Gregory VII in 1075, ended in an 1122 compromise called the Concordat of Worms. Pope Innocent III, in the 1200s, used tools such as spiritual to bring the church to the height of its political power.
Answer: Herodotus is widely known as the "father of history", his Histories being eponymous of the entire field. Herodotus was succeeded by authors such as Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle.
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The answer is <span>The Spanish closed New Orleans to American trade.
They did this by blocking the Mississippi river for all American trades in 1784. This makes it really difficult for traders to move around their goods to the international markets, causing both delay in shipment time and higher distribution cost.</span>
Reign of terror............................................................................i believe
