Answer:
The mechanism by which cells regulate their ability to respond to extracellular messengers is known as receptor signalling.
Explanation:
Cells senses an environment and communicate which each other through ligand-induced activation of signalling receptors at the cell surface. Signalling receptors enter the endocytic pathway and are sorts into various compartments. Endocytosis regulates cell signalling by controlling the number of receptors available for activation in plasma membrane and activation of receptors or downstream effectors often stimulate receptor endocytosis.
The answer to the question is d
The second one hope that helps
Answer:
Insulin catalyzes the anabolic reaction.
Explanation:
Insulin and glucagon, while both are produced in the pancreas and regulate glucose concentration in blood, have opposite effects.
<u>An anabolic reaction consists of uniting smaller molecules in order to form bigger ones</u>. Insulin, in this case, sends a signal to stimulate the processes of glycogenesis and lipogenesis (both using glucose as a substrate to make bigger molecules).
Glucagon, on the contrary, catalyzes catabolic reactions: breaking glycogen molecules to obtain glucose (this process is called glycogenolysis).
Answer:
Aerobic respiration is a process glucose produces energy in the presence of oxygen. In this process glucose is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
Three main processes that make up aerobic respiration are:
1. Glycolysis: it takes place in the cytosol of the cell. Here, glucose is oxidized to form three carbon molecule pyruvate. This process produces energy in the form of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules. These NADH molecules carries 2 energy electrons these electrons are utilized by the electron transport chain.
2. Kreb's cycle: it takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell. Here, the molecules of pyruvate produced during glycolysis is utilized to produce ATP.
3. Electron transport chain: glucose is not entirely converted into ATP. The NADH molecules produce during glycolysis produces 2 energy electrons these electrons are taken up by electron transport chain in the mitochondria inner matrix. A proton gradient develops across the matrix after donation of electrons to electron transport chain. This gradient in turn produces energy in the form of ATP.