1. The political environment in Europe that led to the exploration and colonization of the new world was of competition between the different countries, that tried everything in order to have more power and exercise some sort of influence over others. It was the begin of the modern nation in our common sense.
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2. The political, social, and commercial incentives of the New World affect the rivalry between Spain and England in a serious way. At the time, England and Spain were the two naval powers, so their rivalrty gain momentum as a result of the new world discoveries and prospects of power, money and control over new territories.
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3. The cultural exchanges between the Native American civilizations and the European settlers were often distruptive of the native american civilizations, causing massacres and other forms of genocides that resonate still today. Sometimes, some exchange were polite, but for the ost part the european imposed their culture.
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4. The geography influence the location of European colonies as for example england take into its influences territories that were north, while spain take control of territories at south, as probably a result of cultural and geographical background. For England was easier to arrive in north america, while for spain were more easy to arrive in central and sud america.